樊春良

• 1:中国科学院科技战略咨询研究院

摘要(Abstract)：

[目的/意义]国家目标如何塑造基础研究体系，是理解现代国家科技治理的重要问题。本文以第二次世界大战后(以下简称“战后”)美国基础研究体系演化为研究对象，分析国家目标变化如何影响基础研究的战略定位、组织方式与功能结构，以揭示美国基础研究体系持续演化的动力机制。[方法/过程]本文以“战略定位与合法性–制度安排与组织机制–发展成效与影响”为分析框架，将战后美国基础研究体系划分为“冷战”安全导向、经济竞争导向、创新发展与重大社会挑战导向和战略竞争导向四个阶段，考察不同阶段国家目标如何影响基础研究体系的演变。[结果/结论]研究发现，美国基础研究体系并非科学自身自然演化的结果，也不是国家目标直接作用的产物，而是在国家目标持续调整中，通过制度安排、组织机制和张力调适不断重构的制度体系。国家目标提供战略方向，制度与组织机制构成实现路径，张力调适推动体系演化。其启示在于，现代国家塑造基础研究体系，应在国家目标导向与基础研究内在规律之间保持动态平衡。

关键词(KeyWords)： 基础研究;国家目标;美国基础研究体系

Abstract:

Keywords:

基金项目(Foundation): 国家自然科学基金专项项目“美国基础研究与国家目标结合的历史研究——从思想、制度和政策三个维度考察”（项目编号：L2524057）的研究成果之一

作者(Author): 樊春良

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